Media research solutions
WorldSurveys® audience
measures
Background
WorldSurveys provide audience or other usage and attitude measures in
emerging cities or countries as well as more developed ones.
- In emerging cities or countries, research infrastructure very often either does not exist, or leaves much to be desired in terms of coverage and quality. 1WR's approach recognizes the inadequacy of much rural research - and in the more difficult parts of many urban areas - and is committed to provide a more comprehensive and rigorous approach to audience research.
- In developed areas, 1WR provides expertise in recruiting, training and managing field teams to ensure professional standards of data provision.
Objectives
To draw a sound representative sample that will stand up to the most
critical analysis and provide good estimates of:- the total numbers of listeners, viewers or readers: audience size, described by key demographics, for radio stations, TV channels, press titles or internet access
- usage and habits
- attitudes and imagery
- eventually some diagnostic information to facilitate programme or material improvements
Sampling
By offering samples drawn to represent rural as well as urban areas, as
comprehensively as is possible and practicable, WorldSurveys research
offers a genuine addition to research services currently on offer.
The general sampling objectives are:
- to generate samples which conform to the best practice in survey research
- to adapt such best practice to the needs and circumstances of the area or territories being surveyed
- to achieve the most comprehensive coverage of both urban and/or rural areas commensurate with client's demand
- each sampling plan should be as robust and as transparent as possible, and exhibit the maximum achievable degree of randomness
- samples should ideally be designed to be representative of individuals
- quotas should be avoided wherever possible, partly since the information on which to base them may be lacking, and partly since quotas can introduce elements of interviewer bias
- the universe should be regarded as adults, generally aged 15 and over
- sampling plans are drawn up after consultation with local statistics offices, census authorities and university departments, as appropriate
- local statistical data, whether census data or other material, are validated wherever possible against other sources (for instance, UN agencies, Population Reference Bureau...)
- areas such as war zones, parts of a country with high levels of lawlessness, and areas where the practical difficulties - and hence costs - of reaching certain remote populations will be clearly delineated in any sampling plan
Stratification, sampling points,
selection of respondent
Given the frequent lack of comprehensive sampling frames in many
countries,
some form of multi-stage stratified random sample is employed. The
criteria for stratification may vary from territory to territory.
Depending on the nature of the representativeness required, the first
stage would be stratification by
province or by district clusters.
Additional stratification criteria and stages would depend on the territory being sampled, but might typically include community size, district type, ethnicity/tribal affiliation, gender and age group.
Sampling points are selected, at random and proportional to population size and distribution, from such lists of cities, districts, towns and villages as may exist and be accessible.
The selection will allow for alternate sampling points, should difficulties be encountered with the initial selection.
There is a limit on the number of interviews held at each sampling point: a maximum of 10 is recommended.
Individual households within each sampling point should be chosen by a random route method.
A fieldwork starting point should be selected at random from available documentation or observation, from which the random walk should commence. In multi-storey dwellings, criteria should be established for household selection.
Once a household has been selected, only one person from that household is interviewed. The method of selection for the interviewee should permit the maximum degree of randomness. Substitution within the selected household should not be permitted. If it has not proved possible to interview the selected person after an agreed number of call-backs, then another household should be substituted. Three attempts are suggested as the norm.
Interviews are conducted face to face, in home.
It may be the case, particularly in remote rural areas, that significant numbers of selected interviewees are always away from home when interviewers call during normal hours, and that call-backs are not practical due to the remoteness of the sampling point. In such cases, interviewing at their place of work is be considered.
Cultural and local considerations
Surveys are scheduled when possible to avoid seasonal bad weather or
religious
holidays.Other survey design factors:
- each survey will offer typical baseline demographic questions, general media usage and attitude questions, and more specific media questions
- the interview' total length should not exceed 35 minutes, unless incentives are provided
- questions will wherever possible be closed, with a maximum of 5 open-ended questions per interview
- all questions to be carried on the survey will be piloted in each territory where the survey is run
- particular attention is paid to translation issues and language of interview
- questionnaires are prepared in the major languages of the territory in question, and every effort will be made to have interviewers on the team who would be able to conduct an interview in a local language for which no printed translation is available
Background
An international broadcaster wished to measure its audience in North
Somalia. Sampling and methodology
A multi-stage random sampling plan was designed, based on UN statistics
of the region.In Bari, centre of North Somalia, fieldworkers were selected and trained with help on non governmental and UN agencies. The supervisor had previous experience in other types of surveys, especially development project evaluations.
Over four hundred people were interviewed in urban, rural and internally displaced persons' (IDP) camps.
| Sample Characteristics: Location | ||
| Base: all adults = 411 | n | % |
| Urban | 196 | 48 |
| Rural | 151 | 37 |
| IDP |
64 | 16 |
Reporting
These included a report and statistical summary tables, as well as
more detailed tables.A field appendix was written to explain all training and fieldwork details.
Quality
The project manager, who trained the supervisor, followed the team
during the whole operation.Controls consisted of back checking a number of completed interviews.
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2002-2008. All Rights Reserved.
updated last Sept. 2004
updated last Sept. 2004